Criminal procedures, preliminary references and judicial independence: A balancing act? Case C-564/19 IS

In Case C-564/19 IS, the Court of Justice European Union delivered a judgement on two significant issues EU law. First, it clarified obligations Member States under Directive 2010/64/EU right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings regarding provision linguistic assistance during procedure consequences failure adhere them. Second, ruled EU-law conformity national judicial decisions taken by higher courts which can indirectly constrict lower State initiate preliminary ruling procedures before CJEU. Thirdly, held measures where referring judge is submitted disciplinary for question CJEU contrary The judgment builds further develops Court's jurisprudence rulings independence.